Female Oppression History And Its Role Today Philosophy Essay

Female Oppression History And Its Role Today Philosophy EssayHu domainistic/sameness womens liberation movement is that everyone is match everyone is a self no matter their gender. The main focus is on the common humanity between woman and men (notes from 10-6).In move argument he states that we would be equal, however women suppress themselves into the stereotype theyre in. Years ago they did not speak up they were expected to be the arm dulcify and only do what was told of them. No one had the courage to step bulge outside the box and speak up for themselves. Women made themselves into artificial beings. They allowed the men to mold them and bake them into any form they wished. They initiated the stereotype for non-educated, child beargonr, step ford wife. Mills argument was telling woman that we needed to catch fire free from all of this instead of sitting back and watching it kill the beauty from within. Sameness womens lib in his eyes was to break the stereotype against women, against discriminated groups, so that we could all be tempered equally.Schechter also beg offs humanist feminism in her argument. She explains the problem with battered women cases and how theyre not bargainled properly. They need to be dealt with just as much importance as a case involving a male would, or the way any some separate case of that nature would be treated. If battered cases were categorized with cases of ab ingestiond children or plurality violence, they would receive the same strict consequences and the probability of them happening would decrease. In her article, Schechter discusses how she purports the problems should be turn tailed out between the families. This I completely disagree with because I feel that no one, whether the victim male or female, would want to be counseled with the person who threatened their life. The victim is not going to want to work on the problems because the same mooring could potentially play out again. All in all I feel that society is too concerned with safekeeping the families together instead of way on the safety of each individual within the case. Humanist feminism in this case is not so much about making everyone equal (because women were still a suppressed gender), but making the cases against them and every discriminated race/gender qualify for equal attention.Simone de Beauvoir also discusses the idea of a humanist feminism approach. The article discusses how women are inferior to men. They lack the qualities and char make foreristics that would make a powerful leader. She talks about that no matter what the definition of the other is society would eer categorize a group as being that because there are two men and women. When de Beauvoir discusses the bipolarity between the sexes, stating that men are the positive and neutral terminus and women are the negative pole, it best explains the humanist feminism approach. Women are striving to become not of man, but of their equal equal as in w ork distribution, income, social status, etc. They need to stop portraying us as a negative, and start treating us as a neutral gender, just standardised man.Question 2Gynocentric feminism is women centered feminism. It emphasizes the point of view from a woman. It is the different fundamental attributes of men and women (Notes from 10-6).Gilligan explains this idea with two main points justice billet and care perspective. The justice perspective is what is right or wrong by law or how a person views justice within their own society. It is how you phone the problem through found on the laws and what you know is right/wrong, rather than relying solely on your gut feeling. Care perspective is based on how you feel the situation should be handled based on your experiences. It is like the Golden Rule, Treat others the way you would want to be treated. I mix these two perspectives daily based on the situation and who is involved. With family you would lean more towards gut feeling be cause you have a bond with them and a love that you need to maintain. With strangers or situations you stumble across, you would use the justice perspective. This way you throne handle the situation based on facts and law and both people get an equal chance.Young discusses the Five Faces of Oppression. No matter what type of group is being discriminated against or bullied because of race/gender, it all leads back to oppression in society. Woman often face these more than other categories just based on our history. We have been suppressed in every form possible and these are issues that we still have to deal with on a day-to-day basis. We deal with exploitation within the workplace suffer from rape and battery, sovereignty, othering. Young doesnt just focus on women he focuses on all discriminated categories and states that they get out experience a different combination of the five faces at some point (from Young handout).Lorde exemplifies gynocentric feminism in the sense that wo men are disempowered based on the fact that their sexual and erotic behaviors are denied. Erotic in the form of being a strong suppressed feeling women have towards something the desire. It is entirely a womans feeling. In our lives we were conditioned to feel erotic only in the bedroom with our male companion. It was unheard of for woman to feel erotic with themselves or even with other women. Being only a feeling and idea from women, it can threaten patriarchy because men have no control over it. We have in the long mellow out broken out of the mold and have found other means of pleasure than solely from a man.Question 3Dominance feminism is fundamentally stating that men are dominant and women are suppressed. It explains that the dominant figure is one who has the upper hand in politics, businesses, and religion.Marilyn Frye discusses the idea of being a Willful utter(a) or a Lesbian. Her idea is that youre either a virgin, a married woman who is not having sex one who is free and socially and sexually on her own (Pg. 330). Then youre categorized as being a tease or a bitch, or even a lesbian. On the other hand if youre openly having sex and youre a straight woman, youre a whore and easy. Youre either the stereotypical housewife or you must be a lesbian. Why toss it be that you just want to express who you really are and not fall into the same category as a majority of the women? Frye is trying to explain dominance feminism in the way that women dont even have control over their sexual desires. They are constrained and conformed to keep their bodies hidden for only their man to see.Bartky also exemplifies dominance feminism by discussing many ways in which men hold the upper hand and women are suppressed. The idea of the Panopticon is a grammatical construction that allows you a view from all angles. It gives the watchmen the overall feeling of the highest power. Thats how men want to be perceived over woman. Woman diet and focus their day somewhat pe rfecting the latest fad or trend. They are expected to be soft and delicate, and keep to themselves. Our bodies are expected to be a timeless piece neer aging, never showing sign of wear. We are so used to this way of life that even when no one is there to tell us how to act or what to do, we have disciplined ourselves so much that these behaviors are natural.Kimmel discusses the idea of masculinity. We believe that every man has manhood. We shrug off their actions because we expect it from them. If men are to branch out from the stereotype then we categorize them as gay. Men judge men just as the world judges women. It is just as much of a competition for them as any other being. They see who can get the nicest car, best job, biggest muscles, and the best looking girl. They use us to their benefit because it means that they must be doing something right. Men hold the power to overthrow another mans power. They fear that another can strip away their exterior and gamble that they dont possess the qualities that an ultra-man should. They themselves are the dominant gender, yet they suppress within their society. It is not a matter of whether or not what theyre doing (suppressing women or themselves) is right, its more about keeping their mouths shut to avoid being frowned upon. So all in all, men have the choice to either remain dominant over women as rise as their own gender, or fear that they will be excluded and shut out from their manhood.Question 6I believe that womens personal lives matter in the case of sameness feminism. The whole idea behind creating men and women equal depends solely on their lives on a personal level. I believe that whether or not women will continue to dig themselves farther into the pit of prohibition will determine which way feminists will lean. The idea of battered women is also a big personal issue. You have a choice whether or not to act upon it or hide because you feel you wont be taken seriously. Of race women do this to themselves, but its only because of the way weve been conditioned all of these years.Gynocentric feminism rests solely on a womens personal level mainly because it translates into women centered feminism. It emphasizes a womans point of view and focuses on what would benefit her. The care perspective goes hand in hand with this. That is how we react to situation based on our internal feelings and medieval experiences weve had. We then dissect the situation and handle it in a way that we would expect it to be if it were us on the receiving end. How we deal with exploitation and the suppressing of our erotic feelings can determine the class of woman that you become. We are conditioned to be of a certain nature, however it is our duty to break the mold and create a young meaning for the word woman.Dominance feminism is the main issue in regards to othering of the female gender. It is exactly what it states men are dominant and women are suppressed. Whether women stick to that suppre ssion is the real situation. We have become so disciplined within ourselves that we act without being told. We have conformed ourselves to be the picturesque wife flawless skin, perfect body, and well-mannered. Not all women want to be perceived in that light, but without it wed be ridiculed. Men hold such power over us. They control our actions, words, movements, sexuality. If we break the mold we are then placed into a new category lesbian, whore, or even psycho.These are all things that we have to take into consideration on a daily basis. We walk on eggshells trying not to bring attention to ourselves in a negative sense. Whether it is in the workplace or out having drinks with our friends, we try to keep a cool and collective faade so that we can prove to men that they dont have the control. We hold jobs in high positions, we run for president we have our work published in books when it was unheard of. We have begun to crack the glass, now we just need to do something to make it shatter.

Ecological Theory Typical And Atypical Child Development Social Work Essay

Ecological Theory Typical And Atypical Child Development Social Work Essay canvass the contribution of Ecological theory to our understanding of typical and atypical baby bird development, and discuss this model in relation to the factors and possible interjections for child squallThe impressiveness of insight regarding the pargonnt/child bond has always been a comp int of social services custom, but the significance has non always been indentified of the interaction that the surround plays on a p arnts ability to act in their childs best interests (Department of Health, 1999). A significant break finished in the knowledge of child abuse appears to gain emerged through the application of an ecological model of child insult, The ecological paradigm is currently the most comprehensive model we have for understanding child abuse (Gallagher 2001 76). much(prenominal) a perspective has full generally been derived from theory based on Bronfenbrenners (1979) pioneering work, in wh ich he defines to which The ecology of human development involvesthe progressive, mutual accommodation between an active, increase human being and the changing properties of the immediate settingsthis process is affected by relations between these settings and by the larger settings in which these settings are embedded. (Sidebotham, 2001 105).The importance of an ecological standpoint in the perception of abuse is, firstly, that it widens the boundaries of the unfavourable effects of maltreatment on children beyond just the parent-child relationship to consider the familial and social context in which such abuse occurs. Second, the ecological model is transactional in the sense that it acknowledges the individual and the immediate and wider influences as actively interacting with each separate. However, it should be noted that this political theory holds some limitations in the sense that it would not seem to account very well for child sexual abuse. Any pairing together of juxt apositions forms of behaviour as occurs with child abuse or child maltreatment, is bound to result in some loss of specificityIt would be foolish to think that ecological models are the net word on child abusethere is not single solution to abuse (Gallagher 2001 77).Specific hazardous factors contribute to parents abusing their children. Although maltreatment does not often occur without denumerable of these factors interacting in the same household simultaneously. Firstly, the risk of abuse increases in any household exposed to significant nidus, regardless if this stress arises from unemployment, poerty, neighbourhood emphasis, a wish of social support, or an especially demanding infant (CDC, 2006). Bronfenbrenners predominant layer, or microsystem, refers to the collaborations that occur within the childs immediate environment. The childs own genetic and social characteristics affect the habits, behaviour and attention of their peers, For example, a temperamentally tiresome infant could disaffect their parents or even create friction between them that whitethorn be sufficient to damage their marital relationship (Belsky Crnic, 1995). Also, the relationship between any two individuals in the microsystem is believably to be influenced by the introduction of a child. Fathers, for example, clearly influence mother-infant interactions, happily conjoin mothers who have close supportive relationships with their husbands tend to interact much much patiently and sensitively with their infants than mothers who experience marital tension, little support from their spouses, or determine that they are raising their children on their own (Cox et al, 1992).In regards to the emphasis on family, the notion to which a parent regards their competence and rates the murder of their parenting role is besides a relevant matter. Parenting competence has been noted as problematic among abusive parents (Marsh Johnston, 1990) and linked with increased abuse possibility . Whilst acknowledging that improvement of parenting capacity is an important objective one must be cautious in last(a) that improved competency in parenting assumely results in a reduction in child maltreatment as observations on interactions based under experimental conditions rarely reflect in daily life (Gallagher,2001248).Direct exposure to abuse can have a d temperous impact as abused children tend to function less adaptively than their non-abused peers in numerous areas (Cicchetti, Rogosch, 1993). According to Hipwell et al (2008) Children in a lovingness and loving environment feel more substantial in their immediate surrounds in regard to the microsystem, they develop greater self-confidence, are altruistic and signal broad(prenominal)(prenominal) signs of being empathetic. These children are withal shown to have larger IQs throughout their schooling life, and show sink levels of anger and delinquent behaviour. As Bronfenbrenners ecological model would present, hi gher degrees of affection can even buffer a child against the negative implications of otherwise precarious environments (Bartley Fonagy, 2008). Several studies of children and teens growing up in poor, dangerous neighbourhoods show that the single ingredient that most clearly distinguishes the lives of those who do not become delinquent from those who do is a high level of maternal love (McCdord, 1982).The Mesosystem is the connections or interrelationship among such microsystems as homes, schools, and peer groups. Bronfenbrenner argues that development will be increased by supportive and strong connections between Microsystems. For example, children who have instigated attached and secure relationships with parents have a tendency to be accepted by others and to have close, supportive peers during their development (Perry, 1999). According to McAdoo (1996) a childs competence to learn in a schooling environment is dependent upon the quality of the teaching provided and also the d egree to which their parents place value upon education capital and how they interact with the teacher and vice-versa. However, this can also impact negatively at this level as when deviant peer groups or friends of the child devalue scholastics, they will tend to undermine that childs school performance in spite of teacher and parents best efforts.Numerable investigate has revealed that exposure to abuse had a severe negative impact upon a childs pedantic functioning. Schwab-Stone et al (1995) concluded that as the consistency of maltreatment increased this had a direct negative correlation with academic performance. Likewise, Bowen (1999) found in a sample of over 2000 high school students that exposure to society and school violence put limitations on school attendance, behaviour and results. Warner and Weist (1999) revealed that children from low income families who are witnesses to household and neighbourhood violence demonstrated atypical symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depre ssion. The symptoms continue upon the latter to include atypical externalising behaviours such as anger, inability to form relationships and a decline in academic performance.Surviving on a low income in a bad neighbourhood does not make it impossible to be the caring, affectionate parent of healthy, companionable children. But it does, undeniably, make it more difficult (Utting, 1995, p. 40). Children from low-income households may display more behavioural troubles than their better-off peers. However, fit in to Gorman-Smith (1998) family factors, including parenting practices do not predict childrens exposure to violence. He suggests that other community factors quite an than their household income will influence and operate on children and those family factors are not powerful enough to mediate or moderate their effects. such studies have often found there to be an important correlation between communities in which citizens have described a high level of community cohesions a nd children safety, with an increase in child abuse being linked with a negative sense of community identity.Self-care has the most negative effects for children in low-income neighbourhoods with high crime rates (Marshall et al, 1997). Children who begin self-care at an early age are more vulnerable to older self-care children in their communities who can damage or abuse them. These children are more likely to have adjustment problems in school and are more likely to use after-school with socially deviant peers who do not value school and undergo criminal activities. Predictably, then the positive effects of organised after school programs on academic achievement are greater for children in low-income neighbourhoods (Mason Chuang, 2001).Bronfenbrenners penultimate layer, or exosystem, consists of contexts that children and their peers may not be aware although nevertheless will influence their development. For example, parents work environments are an exosystem influence. Children s emotional relationships at home may be influenced considerably by whether or not their parents enjoy their work (Greenberger, ONeal, Nagel, 1994). In a similar fashion, childrens experiences in school may be influenced by their exosystem, by a social integration plan taken on by the school council, or by job cuts in their community that result in a decline in the schools revenue. Negative impacts on development can also result when the exosystem breaks down. For example, Sidebotham (2002) has shown that households that are affected by unemployment, poor housing and poor social networks are more likely to be involved in increased occurrences of child abuse. Whose comments are confirm neighboring to Beeman (1997) who concluded that a lack of social support and a high consistency of negative attitudes towards available networks all contribute towards the chances of child maltreatment.The majority of the research on the impact of mothers employment concludes towards a small positiv e influence on most children (Scott, 2004). Children whose mothers are in employment are more confident(p) and show more admiration for their mothers in contrast to those mothers who do not work. The effect of the mothers work on influencing attitudes and results in school become less apparent, with many studies showing no difference (Gottfried, Bathurst, 1994). Muller (1995) in his large study on the latter topic distinguished a small but comprehensible negative difference on the effect on maths results if that childs mother was in employment. However, this difference seemed to be based on the fact that mothers who do not work as much are less engrossed with their childs work and are less likely to oversee the childs work continuously after school, rather than from a long-lasting deficit brought about by maternal employment in the early years. Thus, working mothers who find ways to provide such watch and who remain involved with their childrens schools have kids who do as well a s children whose mothers are homemakers.Research evidence intuitively shows that when a man becomes unemployed, it places a wring on his marriage which in turn leads to an increase in marital conflict and both mother and father show more signs of depression. The effects of these conflicts at long last show the same characteristics as families who are experiencing divorce both parents appear less coherent in their attitudes towards their children, become less loving and less rough-and-ready at monitoring them. Similarly, children, in turn respond to this situation as they would during their parents divorce by exhibiting a series of atypical behaviours which can include depression, anger or becoming involved in delinquent behaviour. According to Conger et al (1992), the likelihood of abuse at all levels, shows an increase during times of households unemployment. However, according to Berger (2004) parents who are experiencing divorce but who have a supportive framework and emotiona l support from friends are increasingly more likely to provide a safe and affectionate environment for children in comparison to those who are occupied in social isolation.Gorman-Smith and Tolan (1998), in their study of the effects of divorce, did not find that family construction and other familial influences had an independent involvement towards the prediction of exposure to abuse in comparison to that of other risk factors such as the breakdown of tralatitious social processes in the community. Low income parents are characterised by contributing towards their childs atypical development as Evans (2004) concludes that parents of such a nature are less likely to communicate with their children, spend less time engaging with them in intellectually stimulating activities and in turn are harsher and more aggressive in their line of business techniques. Not all children follow the same development pathways and there are certain factors that influence their development. For exampl e, children below the poverty line are half as likely to recall the alphabet and have the ability to count by the time they enter the first years of schooling. This development according to Brooks-Gunn (1995) also applies, and is keep through to adolescence as older children in poverty are twice as likely as their counterparts to repeat a year of school and are less likely to go onto higher education.In keeping with Bronfenbrenners model, parental values on the best way to deal with discipline will be largely in coherence with the larger finale in which they reside. According to Lockhart (Ecology of Development 345), by striking a child it will usually hindrance the chid from repeating the behaviour. Although research evidence suggests that children who are spanked, like children who are abused at later ages are less popular with their peers and show higher levels of aggression, lower self-esteem, more emotional instability, higher rates of depression and distress, and higher lev els of delinquency and later criminality (Mostow Campbell, 2004).Bronfenbrenners concluding layer is that of a macrosystem which entails a broad, overarching ideology in which the child is embedded, and whose principles dictate how a child should be treated and how discipline should be distributed. These principles differ across macrosystems (cultures) and sub-cultures and social classes and can have a direct influence on the types of experiences a child will have in all levels of their ecological system. To cite one example, Belsky (1993) discusses how the incidence of child abuse in families (a microsystem experience) is much lower in those cultures (or macrosystems) that discourage physical punishment of children and advocate nonviolent ways of resolving interpersonal conflict. Similarly Clarke (1997) revealed how at the level of the macrosystem, a Government policy that ensures parents have the option to take paid or unpaid leave from their jobs to see to family matters could p rovide a significant intervention towards child abuse allowing parents more free time to observe their childs development and resolve difficulties that may arise within their child.The debate that encircles the surrounding links between culture and child abuse is a complex notion, which has resulted in a myriad of concerns. For instance, recent statistics of child maltreatment has indicated that ethnic minority children are substantially more at risk of abuse than their Caucasian counterparts (U.S Department of Health, 2006). However Lassiter (1987) has countered, showing that these minorities may be over-represented to the relevant services. Lassiter argues that biased statistics do not take into good will other influencing factors such as socioeconomic status and the level of schooling received. Without considering socioeconomic factors that may also influence the parent and child, research risks inadvertently concluding that factors that increase abuse potential are because of r ace or ethnicity, or are universal.The contextual risk variable that looks to have the biggest part in presage child maltreatment is having a family member who has also been a direct victim of some form of previous abuse. For example, A parent suffering from the stress of having been victimised herself or having another family member who has been victimised may be overwhelmed and more disturbed by the childs behaviour and may, therefore, have a lower sceptre for viewing the childs externalizing behaviour as problematic. Primary or universal support targets the community as a whole, with generic initiatives, campaigns and community-based services that support parents and families without entry criteria. Their advise is to prevent problems such as child abuse and family breakdown (Healy Darlington, 1999).MacMillan (1994) in describing child abuse interventions found it necessary to distinguish between the differing forms of stripe, including that of primary intervention to which he describes as any manoeuvre that is provided to the general population or a sample of the general population or a sample of the general population to reduce the incidence of child maltreatment, and secondary bar, early detection of a condition with the aim of shortening the duration of the disorder, and tertiary ginmill, prevention of recurrence of maltreatment and impairment resulting from abuse. MacMillan further explained the difficulties in prevention in regards to psychological and emotional maltreatment, which accounts for a high number of reported cases but barrier arises when evidence pick ups to be collated, and if emotional abuse is accepted as a form of abuse, then the distinction between primary and secondary prevention or indeed tertiary prevention becomes less clear.Osofsky (1995) in his research on primary prevention has called for a nationwide campaign that would address to intensify the attitudes toward maltreatment and lower peoples tolerance of child abuse. Support for an ecological approach to child welfare is evident in the Framework for the Assessment of Children and their Families (Department of Health et al, 2000), which stresses the need to consider not only the factors relating to the child and their parents, but also the wider context in which children live when assessing their needs, acknowledging the impact of social and community factors on childrens welfare. This is also justified through the Every Child Matters document which refers to the concept of Making a positive contribution being involved with the community and society. Involving local communities in the prevention of child abuse was acknowledged by Nelson and Baldwin (2002) who asserted that the Every Child Matters model has the potential to involve communities enthusiastically in partnership with agencies in identifying problems and desire solutions and that the process can help to build communities which are more informed, aware and thoughtful about child prote ction. Although the presence of risk factors, such as a poor environment or unsupportive relationships with primary caregivers, or being looked after outside the family, increases the likelihood of a negative outcome for the individual, studies of competence and resiliency have shown that, regardless of background, children are generally resourceful. Competence has been shown to be a mediating variable that predicts positive or negative outcomes (Smith, Cowie, Blades, 2001 569).

How Did the Role of the Jewish People Change During the Second Industri

The Jews in Europe were treated real poorly until a reform began in the late eighteenth century. The Jews lived in ghettos where they were not even considered citizens. The Judaic Enlightenment questioned this treatment. Emancipation is defined as, the legal process, which began in Europe with the French Revolution, or granting to the jews equal civic rights in the countries in which they reside. The Jewish emancipation occurred during the turn Industrial Revolution due to the rise of nation-state and mercantilism (Calgary). The Jewish emancipation began at the end of the eighteenth century. It offered jews social, economic, and political opportunities, but it challenged traditional jewish support and values by making available new avenues of integration (Cornell). The Enlightenment was a jewish ideological movement that aimed at modernizing Jewish life and plan (Calgary). During the enlightenment some reforms were made. In 1782, Joseph II gave the Jews of the Habsburg Empire equal treatment as the Christians. France gave citizenship to Jews in 1789. Also during this time places such as Italy and Germany were treating Jews and Christians equally. An exception to the equitable treatment was Russia. Russia continued to discriminate against Jews until World War I. The Russian government controlled the publication of Jewish books, the areas Jews could live in, and excluded them from receiving a higher education. The government even started riots in the Jewish communities. This was when many Jews decided to leave Russia and move to the United States. At the time they had all the legal rights as others, but they did encounter prejudice in the United States. Life seemed to improve greatly for t... ...ere treated equally in Europe made the transition more difficult when the discrimination began again. The treatment of Jews became very bad in the years preceding the First World War and they did not improve for many more years of pa in and suffering. Borneman, John and Jeffery M. Peck. Sojourners. capital of Nebraska University of Nebraska Press,1995. Caron, V. Cornell University. March 1, 1998. www.cornell.edu/Academic/Courses97/csas/as1359.html. Colby University. March 3, 1998. www.colby.edu/personal/rmscheck/GermanyB4.html. Glatzer, Nahum Norbert. C.A.N.D.L.E.S. March 15, 1998. www.candles_museum.com/antsem.htm. Greenberg, Louis. The Jews in Russia. Ed. Mark Wischnitzer. New York Schocken Books, 1976. Segal, Eliezer. University of Calgary. February 27, 1998. http//acs6.acs.ucalgary.ca/elsegal/363_Transp/02_Emancipation.html.

Heap Leaching :: Gold Mining Miners Minerals Essays

Heap Leaching Heap leaching is a method utilise most commonly for the mining of gold. Along with heap leaching comes more surroundal concerns and considerations. In order to decrease these environmental concerns, there must be regulations placed on the mining of gold. Regulations can stem from control acts, enforce by the Department of Energy and other agencies similar to this, to simple regulations dealing with the equipment companies must use in their daily excavations. The heap leaching method used to extract gold uses cyanide as part of the process. This can be toxic to fish and wildlife and is therefore an environmental concern with the mining of gold (Bartlett 79). whatever other concerns taken into consideration when dealing with gold mining and heap leaching are preventing bird poisoning on wet heaps and source storage ponds as well as amounts of wind blown dust and other air contaminants which can be serious problems spreading throughout the environment (Bartlett 79). Contamination of surface and ground waters is a major concern as a side effect of heap leaching (Bartlett 79). There has been serve taken in order to reduce the possibility of any of these environmental considerations taking place during and after the process of heap leaching. It is recommended that in order to ordain heap leaching of gold, companies use methods of containment along with close monitoring in order to recognize problems before they occur (Bartlett 79-80). As I stated in my second essay, the ore and solution removed from the heap leaching process is discarded onto leach pads. These pads are the most important elements of the solution containment system (Bartlett 80). The leach pads supporter prevent toxic solutions from running off into the surrounding areas and therefore they decrease the risk of harming any living organisms living in the area the mining is occurring in. right foundation preparation is necessary to prev ent movement and tearing of the liner of the leach pad (Bartlett 80). If this were to happen then the leach pad would not be a sufficient means of protection for the environment. Another way to protect the environment is by having a solution collection system.

Variation in the Punishment of Hate Crimes Essay -- Law Legal Crime Re

Variation in the Punishment of Hate CrimesLove Thy Neighbor. We have all been taught, if not have heard these same words. There be two opposite words in the dictionary with two opposite meanings. Love is defined as to have a deep, tender, ineffable feeling of substance and solicitude toward a person, and on the other side Hate is told as to feel hostility or animosity toward a person or thing. With this, scorn crimes can be murder or assault, or racially or religiously motivated. In the following cases you will see that hate crimes take numerous different forms and there exists a wide variation among states in the specifics of their laws. In the Mississippi Code punishment for Hate Crimes are noted in 99-19-301 through 99-19-307. In order to impose an enhanced penalty under the provision of 99-19-301 through 99-19-307, the jury must find beyond a reasonable dubiety that the defendant knew that the victim was within the class delineated and that the defendant had specific intent to commit the offense because the victim was within the class delineated. As subdivision two of the hate-crimes written indicates, in order for the felony enhancement to apply, a person must commit an underlying misdemeanor primary offense. Primary offenses under the statute include assault, property destruction, criminal trespass, and all misdemeanor offense against public order and decency. According to the Mississippi crime and punishment graph, hate crimes that are any felony or misdemeanor act racially motivated may double in sentence. Beckwith v. State, Medgar Evers, a black civil rights activist and leader in the exuberant 1950s-1960s civil rights struggles, was murdered at his home in Jackson January 12, 1963. Byron De La Beckwith, a vocal prosegregationist and white supremacist in this State, was arrested June 23rd and indicted for Evers murder at the July, 1963, name of the grand jury of Hinds County. He stood mental test in February, 1964, and following a hung jury, a mistrial was ordered by the circuit judge February 7. He again stood trial in April, and following another hung jury, the circuit judge declared a mistrial April 17, 1964. Until his second trial, Beckwith had been incarcerated without bail. Following his second trial Beckwith was released on $10,000 bail. He ran a markedly unsuccessful election and his successor on March 10, 1969, moved court t... ... duty, the criminal justice community must have adequate information some the nature and prevalence of hate crimes. The Statistics shoe that the top two places for hate crimes to take place are in the street/alley and at a residence. In a 2002 statistic Mississippi was shown to have four total offenses, two in aggravated assault and two in intimidation. Mississippi standards are that the punishment may be doubled in any felony or misdemeanor act racially motivated. My opinion may be that any act resulting in death from a hate crime act should be sentenced to life to death in prison . Hate crimes can be murder or assault, or racially or religiously motivated. These cases prove the difference the people and the crime committed. Erase the Hate.Works CitedWard v. Utah, March 10, 2003, 321 F. 3d 1263Beckwith v. State, December 22, 1997, 707 So. 2d 547 pile Bryd Jr., Berry v. State, July 27, 2001, Tex. App. Beaumont, 2001. Not reported in S.W. 3d. State v. Ladue, July 01, 1993, 631 A. 2d 236 http//dir.yahoo.com/Society_and_Culture/Crime/Types_of_Crime/Hate_Crimes/http//www.fbi.gov/ucr/hatecrime2002.pdfhttp//www.cnn.com/US/9904/05/gay.attack.trail.02/

Dracula characters :: Essays Papers

Dracula charactersBram Stokers charactersDracula - central character of the book An white-haired vampire who lives in a crumbling castle in Transylvania. As the book begins, he is planning to move to England, where he can feed on fresh blood. When we first meet him, Dracula is described as an old man with a white mustache, and he appears courtly and charming as the book progresses and feeds upon his victims, he grows younger and becomes more like a beast.Van Helsing A professor, who is described by his former pupil Dr. Seward as a philosopher and metaphysician, and one of the most advanced scientists of his day. Van Helsing knows a lot about vampires, and when he is called in to help with Lucy Westenras illness, he realizes that he is dealing with a vampire. Because of his intelligence, he is Draculas main problem and the leader of the group that attempts to destroy the vampire.Jonathan Harker - A young English solicitor, or lawyer, who is sent to Transylvania to finish up a real e state transaction with Dracula. He becomes a prisoner in the castle and barely escapes by trail down the castle wall. He is engage to Mina Murray and marries her during the novel.Mina Murray - Jonathan Harkers fiancee and later wife, she is a practical young woman who works as a teacher. She is best friends with Lucy Westenra, the Counts first victim in the book, and also gets sucked by Dracula as well.Lucy Westenra - Minas best friend and an attractive, young woman. She is loved by Arthur, Quincey, and John and becomes engaged to Arthur.

Reading Comprehension: From Research to Classroom Essay -- Educational

Language plays a central role in almost all aspects of our lives. This paper will focus on examining the cognitive processes that are touch on in using and understanding written language. Because language almost always involves units of language larger than an individual word or a single sentence, it is great to emphasize how people understand connected discourse, such as stories. Understanding these central cognitive processes will help school psychologists understand how to facilitate interlingual rendition experience in the classroom setting. Although most of these psychological studies do not deal with specific methods on how to how to comprehend a story, these studies do indicate about of the more powerful factors that influence whether comprehension occurs. The purpose of this paper is to provide an integration of the current approaches of research in reading comprehension with ways of facilitating comprehension in the classroom. First, a summary of the current approaches to comprehension is given, highlighting the most central concepts arising from several different perspectives. Second, a review of the empirical research is included, illustrating how upstart advances in theory have increased awareness of the comprehension skills of children, especially at an early age. Third, some of the main conclusions and issues in the area are discussed in terms of theoretical and empirical advances and applications to school settings.One of the central approaches to comprehension is termed schema theory. This approach can be used to interpret how readers interpret the text edition that they read. The core components of schema theory are derived from Sir Frederic Bartletts (1932) use of the word schemata and his interpretation of adults memory for s... ...Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 717-726.Ericsson, K.A., & Charness, N. (1994). Expert performance Its structure and acquisition. American Psychologist, vol. 49(8), pp. 725- 747.Kintsch, W. (1998). Compreh ension A Paradigm for Cognition. N.Y Cambridge University Press.Hart, B., & Risley, T.R. (1992). American parenting of language-learning children Persisting differences in family-child interactions observed in natural home environments. Developmental Psychology, 28(6), 1096-1105.Nagy, W.E., & Scott, J. (2000). Vocabulary Processes in Kamil, M.et al., Handbook of construe Research, vol. III. Mahwah, N.J. Erlbaum.Thorndike, P.W., & Hayes-Roth, B. (1979). The use of schemata in the acquisition and transfer of knowledge. Cognitive Psychology, 11, 82-106.Solso, R.L., Maclin, O.H., & Maclin, M.K. (2008). Cognitive Psychology Eight Edition.